| Covariates | Female gender; Age 70-75; Age 76-79; Age 80+; Congestive failure; COPD, severe; Diabetes; Ejection fraction 30-49%; Ejection fraction <30%; Hypertension (>140/90, or history of hypertension, or currently taking antihypertension medication); Left-main disease (left main stem stenosis >=50%); Morbid obesity (over 1.5 times ideal weight); Preoperative IABP; Reoperation: first reoperation; Reoperation: second or subsequent reoperation; One valve, aortic (procedure proposed); One valve, mitral (procedure proposed); Valve + ACB (procedured proposed); Cardiogenic shock (urinary output <10 cc/hr); Endocarditis, active; Endocarditis, treated; LV aneurysm resected; One valve, tricuspid (procedure proposed); Pacemaker dependency; Transmural acute MI within 48 hr; Ventricular septal defect, acute; Ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, aborted sudden death; Asthma; Endotracheal tube, preoperative; Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; Pulmonary hypertension (mean pressure >30); Cirrhosis; Dialysis dependency; Renal failure, acute or chronic; Abdominal aortic aneurysm, asymptomatic; Carotid disease (bilateral or 100% unilateral occlusion); Peripheral vascular disease, severe; Blood products refused; Severe neurologic disorder (healed CVA, paraplegia, muscular dystrophy, hemiparesis); PTCA or catheterization failure; Substance abuse |
